Definition
A contract clause excusing a party from performance when extraordinary events beyond its control intervene.
Force majeure clauses relieve a carrier or trader of liability for delay or non-performance caused by events outside their reasonable control — natural disasters, war, strikes, pandemics, or port closures — provided the clause covers the event and the party could not avoid it.
In freight, force majeure can suspend obligations, excuse missed transit times, or affect who bears resulting costs. Its scope depends entirely on the contract wording, and it interacts with cargo insurance, general average, and the carrier’s standard liability terms.
Related terms
General Average
A maritime principle where all cargo owners share the loss when some cargo is sacrificed to save the voyage.
Marine Cargo Insurance
Insurance covering loss of or damage to goods while in transit by sea, air, or land.
Carrier
The party that physically transports the goods and contracts to carry them, e.g. a shipping line or airline.
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